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Annealing represents a crucial delivery condition for precision steel tubes, commercially designated as GBK（+A） condition. Annealed Steel Tubes in GBK condition constitute a specialized category of precision steel pipes that have undergone complete annealing treatment after cold forming processes. These stress-relieved seamless tubes are manufactured according to international standards including DIN 2391, EN 10305-1, and GB/T 3639, featuring optimized mechanical properties achieved through controlled annealing processes in protective atmospheres.
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Quenched and Tempered Steel Pipes (Q&T ) represent advanced heat-treated steel tubes that undergo precise "quenching + high-temperature tempering" processes. These special heat-treated tubes are engineered to achieve optimal balance between strength and toughness through the formation of tempered sorbite microstructure, making them ideal for heavy-load and high-pressure applications in demanding working conditions.
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Normalized Steel Pipes (NBK/+N Condition) represent a standardized delivery state where steel tubes undergo normalizing heat treatment after cold forming processes. These normalized seamless tubes are heated to 30-50°C above Ac3 (for hypoeutectoid steel) or Accm (for hypereutectoid steel) temperatures, maintained at this level, then cooled in air to achieve refined microstructure and balanced mechanical properties.
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Cold Finished (hard) Steel Pipes (BK/+C) represent a delivery state where steel tubes undergo cold forming processes without subsequent heat treatment. These hard-condition seamless tubes maintain their as-cold-worked properties, featuring high strength and precise dimensional characteristics that make them suitable for applications requiring rigid components without complex secondary forming operations.
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Cold Finished(Soft) Steel Pipes (BKW/+LC n) represent a specialized delivery state where steel tubes undergo cold forming followed by low-temperature stress relief annealing. These soft-condition seamless tubes balance the high precision of cold working with the improved plasticity from stress relief treatment, positioning them between hard condition (BK) and fully annealed (GBK) tubes in terms of mechanical properties and processability.
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Cold Finished and Stress-Relieved Steel Pipes (BKS/+SR Condition) represent a precision delivery state where steel tubes undergo specialized stress relief annealing after cold forming processes.
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